Starting Treatment Essence
Starting Treatment Essence
Product Description
Product overview
A lightweight, water-type first treatment essence powered by 95% Galactomyces Ferment Filtrate to brighten, hydrate, and prep skin for maximum absorption of your entire routine. Often called the affordable SK-II dupe, this K-beauty cult favorite delivers fermented yeast goodness with arbutin and botanical extracts at a fraction of the price.
Fermented Powerhouse
95% Galactomyces Ferment Filtrate, the same yeast-derived ingredient behind SK-II's iconic Pitera, delivers vitamins, amino acids, and minerals for brighter, more resilient skin.
Texture & feel
SENSORYFermented Powerhouse
95% Galactomyces Ferment Filtrate, the same yeast-derived ingredient behind SK-II's iconic Pitera, delivers vitamins, amino acids, and minerals for brighter, more resilient skin.
Brightening with Arbutin
Contains arbutin, a natural brightening agent derived from bearberry, to help fade dark spots and even out skin tone over time without harsh side effects.
Botanical Extract Complex
A blend of centella asiatica, green tea, chamomile, ginseng, and aloe vera soothes irritation, provides antioxidant protection, and supports skin barrier health.
Absorption Booster
Used as a first treatment step, this essence optimizes skin's pH and hydration so that subsequent serums, ampoules, and moisturizers absorb more effectively.
Safety & compatibility
SAFEContains arbutin, which can convert to trace amounts of hydroquinone in the body. While concentrations are low and generally considered low-risk, consult your dermatologist before use during pregnancy or breastfeeding.
Not fungal acne safe. Contains Galactomyces Ferment Filtrate (yeast-derived ferment) and PEG-12 Dimethicone, both known potential triggers for malassezia folliculitis. If you are prone to fungal acne, patch test carefully or avoid.
Free from alcohol, parabens, artificial fragrance, mineral oil, sulfates, and benzophenone. Gentle enough for most sensitive skin types when no yeast sensitivity is present.
Rated 1/5 for comedogenicity. The watery, oil-free formula is unlikely to clog pores. Suitable for acne-prone skin (if not fungal acne).
Safe to use alongside retinol, vitamin C, AHA, and BHA. As a hydrating essence, it layers well under all active treatments without interactions.
Contains a small amount of PEG-12 Dimethicone for texture. While generally non-irritating, those with strict silicone-free routines should be aware.
Ingredient breakdown
INGREDIENTSGalactomyces Ferment Filtrate 95%Promising
A yeast-derived ferment filtrate rich in vitamins, amino acids, minerals, and organic acids. The same family of ingredient as SK-II's trademarked Pitera, known for brightening, hydrating, and improving skin texture and elasticity.
- Mechanism: Enhances Natural Moisturizing Factors (NMF) by upregulating filaggrin production, strengthening the skin barrier.
- Study: P&G research confirmed Pitera-containing formulas protect skin from environmental damage and provide antioxidant benefits.
- Study: A 2015 study found Galactomyces Ferment Filtrate activates aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), important for epidermal barrier homeostasis.
- Sebum: Research suggests high-concentration GFF can reduce sebum production and help prevent clogged pores.
Arbutin ~1-2%Proven
A natural skin-brightening compound derived from bearberry plant that inhibits tyrosinase activity to reduce melanin production, helping to fade dark spots and hyperpigmentation.
- Mechanism: Inhibits tyrosinase enzyme, slowing melanin synthesis without the irritation profile of hydroquinone.
- Study: Clinical research shows alpha-arbutin at 1% can visibly reduce hyperpigmentation within 8-12 weeks of consistent use.
- Comparison: Considered safer than hydroquinone for long-term brightening, though less potent per application.
Centella Asiatica ExtractProven
A well-studied botanical ingredient known for its wound-healing, anti-inflammatory, and barrier-strengthening properties. A staple in K-beauty formulations for soothing sensitive and irritated skin.
- Compounds: Contains asiaticoside, madecassoside, asiatic acid, and madecassic acid, all with demonstrated skin benefits.
- Study: Research shows centella promotes collagen synthesis and accelerates wound healing, supporting skin repair.
Camellia Sinensis (Green Tea) Leaf ExtractProven
Rich in EGCG polyphenols, green tea extract provides potent antioxidant protection against UV-induced free radical damage and has anti-inflammatory properties that calm redness.
- Antioxidant: EGCG is one of the most potent natural antioxidants studied in skincare, neutralizing reactive oxygen species.
- Anti-inflammatory: Multiple studies confirm green tea extract reduces inflammation markers in skin, beneficial for redness-prone types.
Adenosine ~0.04%Proven
A cell-signaling molecule naturally present in skin cells. Clinically proven to reduce the appearance of dynamic wrinkles and improve skin elasticity when applied topically.
- Study: Clinical trials confirm that topical adenosine reduces dynamic wrinkles, especially around the eyes and forehead.
- Regulation: Classified as an anti-wrinkle functional ingredient by Korean MFDS at concentrations as low as 0.04%.
26 ingredients
Water, Glycerin, Butylene Glycol, Arbutin, Galactomyces Ferment Filtrate, Aloe Barbadensis Leaf Juice, Chamomilla Recutita (Matricaria) Extract, Anthemis Nobilis Flower Extract, Centella Asiatica Extract, Camellia Sinensis Leaf Extract, Physalis Alkekengi Fruit Extract, Acanthopanax Senticosus (Eleuthero) Root Extract, Ganoderma Lucidum (Mushroom) Extract, Panax Ginseng Root Extract, Velvet Extract, Cordyceps Sinensis Extract, Hamamelis Virginiana (Witch Hazel) Extract, Oryza Sativa (Rice) Extract, Portulaca Oleracea Extract, Zanthoxylum Piperitum Fruit Extract, 1,2-Hexanediol, PEG-12 Dimethicone, Pentylene Glycol, Adenosine, Phenoxyethanol, Disodium EDTA
Where it fits in your routine
ROUTINEApply immediately after cleansing (or after toner) as the first treatment step. Use both AM and PM for best results. This essence preps your skin to absorb everything that follows more effectively.
How to use
HOW TO USECleanse Your Face
Start with a clean face. Double cleanse if wearing makeup or sunscreen, then pat dry gently, leaving skin slightly damp.
Dispense the Essence
Pour a coin-sized amount (about 2-3 drops) into the palm of your hand. Alternatively, saturate a cotton pad for even distribution.
Pat onto Skin
Gently pat and press the essence into your face and neck using your fingertips. Start from the center of the face and work outward. Avoid rubbing.
Layer and Continue
Wait about 30 seconds for the essence to absorb, then follow with your serum, moisturizer, and sunscreen (AM). You can apply 2-3 layers for extra hydration.
Who is it for?
WHOPerfect for you if:
- You want an affordable SK-II Pitera alternative
- You love lightweight, watery textures that absorb instantly
- You want to brighten dull skin and fade dark spots
- You need a hydrating first step that boosts product absorption
- You prefer fragrance-free, minimal-irritant formulas
- You are new to K-beauty essences and want an accessible entry point
Consider alternatives if:
- You are prone to fungal acne (malassezia) — ferments can trigger it
- You need intense, rich hydration — this is very lightweight
- You are pregnant or breastfeeding (arbutin caution)
- You have a known sensitivity to yeast-derived ingredients
- You want a silicone-free formula (contains PEG-12 Dimethicone)
Skin type compatibility
SKIN TYPESUltra-lightweight watery texture absorbs instantly without adding oiliness or shine. Galactomyces may help regulate sebum production over time.
Provides a nice hydration base layer, but won't be enough on its own. Layer with a richer serum and cream for adequate moisture. Can apply 2-3 layers for extra hydration.
Balances well across both oily and dry zones. Light enough for the T-zone, hydrating enough for cheeks. An ideal daily essence for combo skin.
Fragrance-free and alcohol-free with soothing centella and chamomile. Patch test first if you have reactive skin, as some people are sensitive to yeast ferments.
Low comedogenic rating (1/5) and oil-free, so unlikely to cause regular acne. However, not safe for fungal acne due to yeast-derived ferments. Standard acne-prone skin without fungal issues should be fine.
Results timeline
MONTHS 2–3+Immediate Hydration & Smoothness
Skin feels noticeably more hydrated and softer right after application. Subsequent products absorb better and the overall routine feels more effective.
85% noticed improved hydrationImproved Skin Texture
Skin begins to look smoother and more even. A subtle glow starts to develop as galactomyces supports natural cell turnover. Redness may appear calmer.
70% noticed smoother textureVisible Brightening
Dark spots and hyperpigmentation begin to fade as arbutin and galactomyces work together. Overall complexion looks more radiant and even-toned.
60% noticed brighter skin toneCumulative Anti-Aging Benefits
With consistent use, fine lines appear softer and skin elasticity improves due to adenosine and the barrier-strengthening effects of galactomyces ferment filtrate.
50% noticed reduced fine linesRatings by platform
4K+ REVIEWSPros & cons
BALANCEDPraised
- Exceptional value — often called the best SK-II dupe at a fraction of the price
- 95% galactomyces concentration rivals products 5-10x the cost
- Fragrance-free, alcohol-free, paraben-free formula suitable for sensitive skin
- Noticeable brightening and glow after a few weeks of use
- Watery texture layers perfectly under any routine without pilling
- Generous 155ml bottle lasts 3-4 months with twice-daily use
- Elegant frosted glass bottle packaging looks premium
Criticized
- Not safe for fungal acne — galactomyces ferment is a known trigger
- Very watery texture may feel like "just water" to some users
- Hydration alone is not deep enough for very dry skin without layering
- Glass bottle is heavy and breakable, not travel-friendly
- Results are subtle and cumulative, not dramatic overnight
- Contains PEG-12 Dimethicone (not suitable for strict silicone-free routines)
Budget-friendly alternatives (dupes)
DUPES
Also contains 95% Galactomyces Ferment Filtrate with added niacinamide and hyaluronic acid. Simpler 12-ingredient formula in a pump bottle. Slightly less volume (100ml) but includes proven brightening actives that Secret Key lacks.
Features galactomyces ferment filtrate as the star ingredient in a clean, minimal formula. Vegan-certified with a modern, aesthetically pleasing packaging. Slightly smaller (100ml) but very popular among K-beauty enthusiasts.
Contains 94.5% galactomyces ferment filtrate in a larger 210ml bottle, making it an outstanding value. Slightly different texture and botanical blend, but delivers similar brightening and hydrating benefits.
Comparison with competitors
SIDE-BY-SIDE
Storage & shelf life
12 MONTHS12 months after opening
Store in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight. Keep the cap tightly closed after each use. Refrigeration is optional but can extend freshness and provide a soothing application.
Frosted glass bottle with a small dispensing opening and rose gold cap. Elegant and sturdy but heavy. Dispenses product in controlled amounts to minimize waste.
No — 155ml exceeds the 100ml carry-on liquid limit. Heavy glass bottle is fragile. Decant into a smaller bottle for travel, or purchase the 50ml mini version.
Frequently asked questions
FAQUse with caution. This essence contains arbutin, a natural skin brightener that can convert to trace amounts of hydroquinone in the body. While the concentration is low and many dermatologists consider it low-risk, some advise avoiding arbutin during pregnancy and breastfeeding as a precaution. The remaining ingredients (galactomyces, glycerin, botanical extracts, adenosine) are generally considered safe. Consult your OB-GYN or dermatologist for personalized advice.
No, this product is not fungal acne safe. It contains Galactomyces Ferment Filtrate, a yeast-derived ferment that is a well-known trigger for malassezia folliculitis (fungal acne). It also contains PEG-12 Dimethicone, another potential trigger. If you are prone to fungal acne, consider alternatives like the COSRX Snail Mucin Essence or a non-ferment-based hydrating toner instead.
Yes! This essence is safe and compatible with all common active ingredients including retinol, vitamin C (ascorbic acid), AHAs (glycolic acid, lactic acid), and BHAs (salicylic acid). As a hydrating first treatment essence, it actually helps buffer skin before potent actives, reducing potential irritation. Apply the essence first, let it absorb, then follow with your active treatment. Some users apply it after acids to help normalize skin pH for subsequent steps.
This essence works well for all skin types, but is especially excellent for oily and combination skin due to its ultra-lightweight, watery texture. It absorbs instantly without leaving any residue or shine. Dry skin types will benefit from it as a hydrating base layer but should follow up with richer serums and creams. Sensitive skin generally tolerates it well thanks to the fragrance-free, alcohol-free formula, though those sensitive to yeast/ferments should patch test first.
Most users notice improved hydration and skin softness within the first week. A visible improvement in skin texture and subtle glow typically appears within 2-4 weeks. Brightening effects on dark spots and hyperpigmentation from the arbutin take 6-12 weeks of consistent twice-daily use. Anti-aging benefits from adenosine are cumulative and become more noticeable after 2-3 months. Consistency is key with this product.
This is a "first treatment essence" — apply it immediately after cleansing, before toner (or right after toner if you use one). The order is: Cleanser → (Toner, optional) → This Essence → Serum → Moisturizer → Sunscreen (AM). It goes on as one of the very first steps because its watery texture and skin-priming properties help subsequent products penetrate more effectively. Use it both morning and night for best results.
This essence has a very low comedogenic rating of 1 out of 5. The watery, oil-free formula contains no heavy oils, waxes, or pore-clogging fatty acids. It is unlikely to clog pores or cause breakouts from comedogenicity. However, if you are specifically prone to fungal acne (not regular acne), the fermented yeast ingredient can cause a different type of breakout. For standard acne-prone skin without a fungal component, this product should be safe to use.
The product has a Period After Opening (PAO) of 12 months. With twice-daily use (AM and PM), the 155ml bottle typically lasts 3-4 months. Store in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight and keep the cap tightly closed. If the essence changes color, develops an unusual smell, or changes texture, discontinue use even if within the 12-month window.
Verdict: The Secret Key Starting Treatment Essence delivers remarkable value as a galactomyces-based first treatment essence. With 95% ferment filtrate concentration, arbutin for brightening, and a clean botanical blend — all at roughly one-tenth the cost of SK-II — it's one of the best budget entries into fermented skincare. The watery, fragrance-free formula works for nearly every skin type and slots effortlessly into any routine. The main caveats are its unsuitability for fungal acne-prone skin and the caution flag for pregnancy due to arbutin. If your skin tolerates ferments well, this is an outstanding everyday essence that delivers visible brightening, improved texture, and enhanced product absorption over time.
Product Overview
What are Quick Product Notes?
Quick product notes are a great way to check if a product is free from commonly avoided ingredients by skincare enthusiasts. These preferences come about for different reasons depending on the ingredient such as personal experiences, sensitivities, health preferences & etc.
Pro Tip Alert!
Just because a product is not free from a common preference does not mean it's a bad product! You can make a personal decision whether or not you want to use a product that contains these ingredients or not - click the labels of the preference to read more about them.
Quick Product Notes
Paraben-Free
Paraben-Free
Understanding Parabens
Parabens are a large group of preservatives which are used to prevent bacteria growing in cosmetic formulations. There has been some healthy controversy surrounding them due to a few studies finding paraben presence in breast tumours and breast tissue. However, the majority of the scientific community have deemed these findings non-conclusive due to the limitations of these studies. There's still a lot of support for avoiding parabens following the better safe than sorry route. If you do we completely support you! If you are concerned about the health safety of parabens, then feel free to avoid them by looking out for the Paraben-Free icon. If not, don't worry about it - they do have had one of the longest safety records as preservatives!
Which Ingredients are classified as Paraben?
A product will be paraben-free if it does not contain any of the following parabens:
- Sodium Isobutylparaben
- Sodium Ethylparaben
- Sodium Butylparaben
- Propylparaben
- Isopropylparaben
- Isobutylparaben
- Sodium Propylparaben
- Butylparaben
- Ethylparaben
- Sodium Methylparaben
- Methylparaben
Sulfate-Free
Sulfate-Free
Understanding Sulfates
Sulfates are a large group of ingredients which act as cleansing agents in Cosmetics. They help loosen up the dirt and grime from your skin and hair to allow for water to wash it away with ease. However some sulfates are so good at their job, they can wash off your skin’s own natural oils that keep it moisturised and protected which can lead to dryness and irritation. Most people will find no issues with sulfate, however if you find your skin doesn't like sulfates then free feel to avoid them by looking out for the sulfate-free icon on Skincarisma.
Which ingredients are classified as sulfates?
We've taken the Sulfates which are considered more harsh for our Sulfate-Free status. A product will be Sulfate-Free if it does not contain any of the following Sulfates:
- TEA-Dodecylbenzenesulfonate
- Ammonium Laureth Sulfate
- Sodium Lauryl Sulfate
- PEG-15 Cocamine
- Sodium Laureth Sulfate
- Sodium Cocoyl Sarcosinate
- Sodium C14-16 Olefin Sulfonate
- Dioctyl Sodium Sulfosuccinate
- Ammonium Xylenesulfonate
- Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate
- Sodium Xylenesulfonate
- Sodium Myreth Sulfate
- Sodium Lauryl Sulfoacetate
Alcohol-Free
Alcohol-Free
Understanding Simple Alcohols
Alcohol ingredients are widely used in cosmetics and come in different types. For the most part alcohols are not problematic at all. However one type of alcohols, simple alcohols can be quite drying to the skin because it evaporates very quickly. This can cause irritation which can also lead to other skin complications. These alcohols should never be used alone on your skin, but combined with other cosmetic ingredients, they are normally without issue. However, for some people with sensitive and easily irritable skin, avoiding products with these simple alcohols may be beneficial. If you find your skin doesn't like these simple alcohols, then free feel to avoid them by looking out for the Alcohol-Free icon.
Which Ingredients are classified as Alcohol?
A product will be alcohol-free if it does not contain any of the following alcohol ingredients:
- SD Alcohol
- Alcohol Denat
- Isopropyl Alcohol
- Alcohol
Silicone-Free
Silicone-Free
Understanding Silicones
If you've ever used a skincare, makeup or beauty product that's made your skin look and feel smoother tempoarily - it's likely contained Silicone. They are a popular class of ingredients found in cosmetics due to their smooth, soft, easy-to-spread and smooth properties that help creates an artificial layer/barrier on top of skin or hair (commonly found in conditioners).
For the same reasons they are popularly used, they are also commonly avoided. Anecdotally, many individuals have reported that Silicones cause/excerbate breakouts, irritation, cause a feeling of skin being unable to breathe, cause clumping of cosmetic products and find it difficult to wash off. As a result, those who find them problematic are avoiding them and increasingly, cosmetic companies are avoiding them as well.
If you have had bad experiences with Silicones in the past, or suspect they are problematic then look out for the tick on the Silicone-free label.
Disclaimer
The Silicone-free label only includes the most common Silicone ingredients that have indentified been reported by individuals that could potentially cause issues.
These include: Amodimethicone, Behenoxy Dimethicone, Bis-Aminopropyl Dimethicone, Cetearyl Methicone, Cetyl Dimethicone, Cyclomethicone, Cyclopentasiloxane, Dimethicone, Dimethicone Copolyol, Dimethiconol, Methicone, Phenyl Trimethicone, Phenyl Trimethicone, Stearoxy Dimethicone, Stearyl Dimethicone, Trimethylsilylamodimethicone.
Note, that this does not include all ingredients part of the Silicone class of ingredients.
EU Allergen-Free
EU Allergen-Free
Understanding the Identified Contact Allergens
The EU's Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety (SCCS) has identified and established 26 cosmetic ingredients that are likely contact allergens (potential to cause skin allergies) as demonstrated in clinical or epidemiological studies. The EU's SCCS have recommend cosmetic companies to disclose them on the labels if used and in cases where the concentration exceeds 0.001% in leave-on products and 0.01% in rinse-off products, then they must be labelled.
Look out for the tick on the EU-Allergen free label to know your cosmetic is free from any of the 26 identified cosmetic ingredients.
For more information regarding the EU's Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety, please visit their official website.
Disclaimer
The EU Allergen Free label is for the 26 ingredients identified by the EU SCCS and products will be only flagged if a suspected ingredient is on it's ingredient list. It is possible for cosmetics to contain one of the suspect ingredients without it appearing on the ingredient list due to it not reaching the concentration threshold to disclose it and cosmetic manufacturers choice to not disclose it.
Also note, the EU Allergen Free label is not personalized for your own allergies you may have and it does not constitute as medical advice. For your specific case, always consult your medical professiona such as dermatologist, physician, pharmacist, or health care provider - please read our medical disclaimer for more information.
Fungal Acne (Molassezia) Safe
Fungal Acne (Molassezia) Safe
Understanding Fungal Acne (Pityrosporum Folliculitis/Malassezia Folliculitis)
Pityrosporum Folliculitis/Malassezia folliculitis or simply known as Fungal Acne is a persistent acne-like condition that commonly responds poorly to traditional acne-treating methods. Unlike most cases of Acne where bacteria is the culprit, Fungi is the culprit of Fungal Acne (Hence the name!). There are certain classes & groups of ingredients that have been shown to promote and feed the growth of the Fungal Acne, Fungi such as fatty acids, oils, esters, polysorbates and fermented ingredients.
For more information regarding Fungal Acne, please visit Simple Skincare Science (f.c) - #3 of our Recommend Skincare Resources for an amazing comprehensive guide!
Please Read: How to use the Fungal Acne (Malassezia) Label
At SkinCarisma, we've done our best to identify as many ingredients as possible but note the fungal-free label may not be 100% accurate due to the complexconditions and combination of ingredients that malezzeria can thrive on.
Additionally, products that may contain ingredients that have shown to feed Malassezia may not neccessarily exacerbate the condition due to concentration of ingredient used in the product, this information is simply not available on the products.
As a result, please note this is only an experimental label that can be best used to possible identify problematic products you have used in the past. It is in no way a perfect identifier nor a predictor in whether or not it will exacerbate or cause fungal acne. It will continue to be worked on as more information and research comes to light.
If you find any ingredients you believe should be included, please email us at snails@skincarisma.com.
Disclaimer
Due to the lack of substantial research into this area it is very likely there are other ingredients and class/groups of ingredients that could feed Fungal Acne which have not been indentified.
The Fungal-Safe label does not constitute as medical advice. For your specific case, always consult your medical professiona such as dermatologist, physician, pharmacist, or health care provider - please read our medical disclaimer for more information.
What are Notable Effects & Ingredients?
Ever used a product that promised a certain effect but provided no results? It might not have contained any notable ingredients that could have been responsible for that promised effect. It doesn't matter what the marketing or packaging «promises» it can do, if it doesn't contain anything that can help - then the likelihood of it helping is low.
We help you identify key notable ingredients that have been shown to help with effects such as acne-fighting, brightening, UV-protection, wound healing & anti-aging to help you achieve your skincare goals smarter. Please note that different notable ingredients have varying levels of research behind them, some are extremely well proven yet some have mixed research in their efficacy.
Pro Tip Alert!
Just because a product doesn't contain any notable ingredients doesn't mean it's bad. And a product with notable ingredients (or even many) doesn't necessarily guarantee the efficacy of the product performing these effects either. There are other factors such as ingredient quality, concentration and formulation that will ultimately determine this.
Be smart and use this as just a starting point for you to make more informed and smarter choices and compare it with reviews to see if the product is right for you
Notable Effects & Ingredients
Anti-Aging from 7 ingredient(s):
Brightening from 4 ingredient(s):
Promotes Wound Healing from 7 ingredient(s):
What are Ingredients Related to Skin Type?
Why are some products great for some people and horrible for others? Well everyone has different skin types and different reactions to the same ingredients.
We've identified a range of ingredients that are commonly regarded as potentially good or bad for those with Dry, Oily/Acne-Prone or Sensitive skin.
Pro Tip Alert!
A product that contains good or bad ingredients for your skin type doesn't always flat out make the entire product good or bad for your skin. There are other factors such as ingredient quality, concentration and formulation that will ultimately determine your skins reaction.
One of the best ways to use this section is to troubleshoot products you've had bad experiences with in the past. Check if it contains any of the marked ingredients to point out suspect ingredients to avoid in the future!
Ingredients Related to Skin Types
Dry Skin
Oily/Acne-Prone Skin
Sensitive Skin
What is the Ingredient Safety Breakdown?
Ingredient Safety Breakdown refers to the percentage % of ingredients in different risk categories as classified by EWG (Environment Working Group) if they are available. There are almost endless cosmetic ingredients and they are one of the few organisations globally that have assigned ratings to a lot of the more commonly used ingredients which is why we reference them.
Pro Tip Alert!
EWG is seen by many to be more on the alarmist side in their assignment of health ratings resulting in rating ingredients as riskier than they actually are. We recommend using this a reference point rather than a strict guide of ingredient safety and to always do further research if into ingredients that you may find suspect.
Ingredient Safety Breakdown
Product ingredient list
| EWG | CIR | Ingredient Name & Cosmetic Functions | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |
Water
Solvent, Skin Conditioning
|
|
|
| 2 |
Glycerin
Solvent, Perfuming, Fragrance, Humectant, Viscosity Decreasing Agent, Hair Conditioning, Skin Protecting, Denaturant, Skin Conditioning
|
Brightening
Promotes Wound Healing
Hydrating
|
|
| 1 |
Butylene Glycol
Solvent, Skin Conditioning, Masking, Fragrance, Humectant, Viscosity Controlling, Viscositydecreasing Agent
|
Hydrating
|
|
| 1 |
Arbutin
Skin Conditioning, Antioxidant, Bleaching
|
Brightening
Promotes Wound Healing
Dark Spots
|
|
| 0 |
Galactomyces Ferment Filtrate
Humectant
|
Anti-Aging
Hydrating
Redness
Irritation
|