Cosmetic function: Exfoliant, Ph Adjuster, Buffering Agent
EWG hazard reflects the rating of the ingredient, not the real-world risk of a finished product — hazard depends on concentration. How we read these.
5–10% (OTC)
OTC leave-on AHAs are usually 5–10%. The effect also depends on pH and free-acid value, not the percentage alone.
A general research norm — not the amount in any specific product (INCI lists don't disclose amounts).
Good: Effective at regulating oil/sebum production
Watch out: Skin irritation can occur at high concentration
Data is aggregated from EWG, CIR, CosIng and the SkinCarisma community, and improves over time. Spot something off? See our methodology. This is general information, not medical advice.